Anatomy: Oxytocin

Life systems Report: OXYTOCIN Name: Yeqin Yan Period: first period Oxytocin: from the Greek â€Å"oxy†, which means â€Å"quick,† and tokos, which means â€Å"childbirth†. History: Oxytocin was found in 1909 when Sir Henry H. Dale found that a concentrate from the human back pituitary organ gotten the uterus of a pregnant cat.Definition: a hypothalamic hormone put away in the back pituitary, which has uterine-contracting and milk-discharging activities; it might likewise be arranged artificially or acquired from the back pituitary of household creatures; used to incite dynamic work, increment the power of compressions in labor, contract uterine muscle after conveyance of the placenta, control baby blues drain, and animate milk launch. Fringe (hormonal) activities: 1. Setback reflex 2. Uterine withdrawal 3. Social conduct and wound mending 4.Modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hub movement 5. Chemical imbalance 6. Expanding trust and decreasing trepidatio n 7. Influencing liberality by expanding sympathy during point of view taking 8. Influencing Cognitive capacity Actions inside the cerebrum: 1. a Function: 1. Invigorates compressions of the smooth muscle tissue in the mass of the uterus during labor. 2. Oxytocin invigorates uterine compression. 3. Agreement the vagina during climax. Blend: In the nerve center, oxytocin is made in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular cores. Storage:It is put away in Herring bodies at the axon terminals in the back pituitary. Discharge: It is then discharged into the blood from the back projection (neurohypophysis) of the pituitary organ. Where would we be able to discover it: Outside the cerebrum, oxytocin-containing cells have been distinguished in a few differing tissues, including the corpus luteum, the interstitial cells of Leydig, the retina, the adrenal medulla, the placenta, the thymus and the pancreas. Medication structures: Synthetic oxytocin is sold as r estrictive medicine under the exchange names Pitocin and Syntocinon, and as conventional oxytocin.

Christian Ethics Are Too Rigid for Moral Decision Making Free Essays

It tends to be contended, that when alluding to the Bible, lessons inside it are unreasonably inflexible for moral dynamic. There are numerous purposes behind this, some which are apparent, especially when taking a gander at specific lessons. Then again, some contend that most strict morals are the correct method to move toward moral dynamic as these contain the lessons and expression of God so should be right. We will compose a custom paper test on Christian Ethics Are Too Rigid for Moral Decision Making or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Some of St. Paul’s lessons are vigorously censured for being excessively unbending. For instance if a Christian were to be offered an advancement in a vocation, yet it implied that they were to take somebody else’s employment and leave them without one, such lessons as, â€Å"Let your lead be without rapaciousness; be content with so much things as you have. For He Himself has stated, ‘I will never leave you nor neglect you. ‘† (Heb. 13:5). See likewise: 1 Tim. 6:9-11, would not help in this circumstance. This is debilitating a person for removing that specific thing from another regardless of whether it were to imply that they were more joyful thus. Thusly there is no adaptability about this, and the choice would be made to dismiss the proposal of the vocation as one ought not be envious or need what another has. Then again, many contend that St. Paul’s lessons are unbending and can be seen from a wide range of edges. For instance the educating, â€Å"But remember to do great and to share, for with such forfeits God is well pleased† (Heb. 13:16) can be applied to numerous circumstances when settling on moral choices, as it is wide and not explicit. Along these lines the showing is adaptable enough to be applied to pretty much every circumstance. Anyway it could be contended that lessons, for example, this are not explicit enough to give solid direction in an ethical choice, especially those which are groundbreaking. Fundamentalist Christians would concur that St. Paul’s lessons are not very inflexible as they accept that we ought to maintain the specific expression of the Bible, as this is God’s word and make an effort not to endeavor to change them in any capacity. When examining the Ten Commandments, many accept that these can't be applied truly to each circumstance as there are various methodologies that can be taken. For instance edict number four, ‘Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy’ can't be applied to the present day the same number of individuals currently take a shot at a Sunday yet at the same time adore the Lord. Indeed, even Jesus Christ took a shot at a Sunday and was advised not to when he was recuperating others. Despite the fact that he was carrying on of adoration, this was still observed as work and was consequently against the expression of God. Liberal Christians would concur that the Ten Commandments are too unbending to possibly be utilized for moral dynamic as various circumstances. For example precept six, ‘You will not murder’ could be questionable. This is in such a case that a young lady was being assaulted and in self-protection slaughtered the attacker, would it be able to not be contended this is supporting right? Due the way that the homicide was just a consequence of the transgression that the attacker resolved regardless. Fundamentalist Christians would not concur with this, as they accept that the Ten Commandments are rules to be complied with, from God. Anyway it would then be able to be contended that if an individual is just being dutiful to the guidelines of God and doing what they are told, would they say they are really settling on an ethical choice? This at that point additionally questions whether that individual likewise then has any ethical self-sufficiency on the off chance that they are simply complying with the expression of God. This is a solid analysis against strict morals when utilized for moral dynamic. Another analysis is that numerous strict morals are difficult to be applied to advanced circumstances. This is on the grounds that the lessons inside the Bible were composed a large number of years prior, and with progresses with innovation and society for the most part, circumstances happen today which would not have in those days. In this manner these morals can be viewed as too inflexible to even think about applying to cutting edge moral choices. Specifically a significant number of St. Paul’s lessons are ostensibly misogynist. For example St. Paul lectured that ladies ought not have the option to work, but then today work among people is equivalent with specific acts making this conceivable. In this way as recently referenced, it very well may be contended that St. Paul’s lessons are unreasonably unbending for moral choices, as they don't consider for the present day. Regardless of this, many contend that some Christian morals are not very inflexible for moral dynamic e. . circumstance morals. It is seen that circumstance morals offers moral development and especially soul and petition permits the Christian to have independence. Numerous Christians today adopt a liberal strategy to moral dynamic, as they can adjust the sacred writing for the specific circumstance that they are in and accept th at this will accomplish the best result. Anyway Fundamentalist Christians will contend that in the event that Christian morals are excessively adaptable, at that point this could result without any morals or direction in what to do, and Christians will settle on an inappropriate good choices. Taking everything into account, Fundamentalist and Liberal Christians adopt various strategies to moral dynamic utilizing strict morals. Fundamentalist Christians will adopt an exacting legalism strategy and submit to rules from God, for example, the Ten Commandments, and just act by the lessons inside the Bible, and how they accept that God would have needed them to. Then again, Liberal Christians adopt a progressively extensive strategy and utilize Christian lessons, for example, circumstance morals to assist them with settling on moral choices. This is on the grounds that they permit them to be adaptable and can apply the standard of ‘love’ to each circumstance. I would concur with Liberal Christians, as I accept that this methodology permits us to adjust Christian morals for the advanced circumstance and I accept that this will accomplish the best result while as yet following the expression of God and acting affectionately. In this way I accept that Christian morals, for example, strict morals spares Christianity from being excessively unbending. Step by step instructions to refer to Christian Ethics Are Too Rigid for Moral Decision Making, Essay models

First Class Essays

First Class Essays The OE Blog First class essays are the holy grail of the student experience: the pinnacle of academic achievement. Most students hope to achieve one or two in the course of their degree, but to write one requires extensive skill and academic knowledge. A recent boom has recently been reported in students looking outside university for essay writing support. The Daily Telegraph reported that more and more students are turning to essay writing companies like Oxbridge Essays, who provide first class essays written by students and graduates of the UK’s top universities. Students are then able to use these essays as inspiration for their own work, learning sophisticated new techniques for structuring and formatting their writing. Such fantastic examples can also be invaluable for students who are trying to grasp complex and alien concepts such as referencing for the first time. Others arrive at university with little idea of what is expected from a written assignment at degree level and turn to Oxbridge Essays to find fantastic examples of the sort of standard they should be aiming for. Much of the problem seems to stem from the fact that few UK universities offer formal training or advice in the art of essay writing, allowing those all-important techniques to remain an elusive mystery to many frustrated and struggling students. From writing an efficient and exhaustive introduction to proper paragraphing, and from tone and content to a concise conclusion, simple essay skills remain out of reach of thousands of university students. Using sample essays allows students to learn by example and be inspired by excellent work before attempting to employ similar methods to good effect in their own writing. One of the largest demographics looking outside university for essay writing support is foreign students, eagerly accepted by UK universities for the elevated fee levels they are prepared to pay, but not always given the support they need to learn how to express their academic thoughts in essay form. Critics fear that essay writing companies allow students to pass off bought essays as their own, but Stratos Malamatinas, founder of Oxbridge Essays, explained to the Telegraph; “it’s made explicit to our customers that they should use our material merely as inspiration”. The clear problem is that not enough support is being provided for UK university students in the technical skills of essay writing, forcing them to look elsewhere for help and guidance.

Entrepreneurship An Organization, Community, Or Country

LDR 280 Introduction Entrepreneurship is a term that has reentered the public vernacular over the last few years, many times in reference to what is wrong with America but what it means is rarely defined. Furthermore, it is generally agreed that more Entrepreneurship is a desirable trait but how to go about encouraging it is again a point of contention. This paper will address a specific facet of entrepreneurship and attempt to discover what are the key drivers to foster an entrepreneurial spirit from childhood. Definitions of entrepreneurship almost always involve the risk taking within the business world. Businessdictionary.com states â€Å"The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any†¦show more content†¦Universities have created an entire field of study predicated on the idea that they can teach entrepreneurism to anyone who wants to become their own boss. Most often the question is asked whether the entrepreneur is born with certain traits that will cause them to seek out the thrill of starting their own company, or do life experiences reveal the path of entrepreneurialism to their impressionable minds? Freddie Dawson a contributor to Forbes Magazine attended a Barclays Bank debate in London where he made several observations on the topic. In his subsequent article, he quotes Jamal Edwards, founder of SB.TV as saying â€Å"that an entrepreneur was 5% born with innate abilities and 95% made by life experiences.† Another speaker at the debate, Doug Richards, founder of School for Start-ups and former investor on the TV show, Dragon’s Den is quoted as saying â€Å"I wholly reject the idea that entrepreneurs are born,† he said. â€Å"It would be one of the most limiting ideas and it would be a real shame if it was true.† A third speaker at the debate, Greg Davies is quoted as saying â€Å"It’s pretty obvious it isn’t 100% either way. You can teach someone to be better at anything,† Mr. Dawson concludes his article with the observation that â€Å"There are a number of studies that show entrepreneurs are surprisingly different from oth er people, he added. This is not just a willingness to take a gamble but also psychological characteristics including greater resilience

Essay on Hedonism Is the Driving Force in Happiness

Happiness is often one of the most important components of the good life for people, whether led by hedonistic desires or not. The definition of hedonism, as said by Kupperman, is â€Å"pleasures minus pain.† Although Dan Gilbert, in his TED Talk, and Kupperman’s Six Myths About the Good Life, agree that hedonism is a driving force in seeking happiness, they have different perspectives of how the two are related. Gilbert takes the approach that psychological factors are behind hedonism, while Kupperman cites theological sources in describing the link of hedonism and happiness in humans. The main similarity between Gilbert and Kupperman’s arguments is people have the ability to change desired outcomes. Although both sources agree about this,†¦show more content†¦Kupperman, on the other hand, believes that giving up any desires leads to the true happiness, not one reliant on â€Å"emotional wallpaper† (synthesizing happiness) that only leads to bein g comfortable, but not truly happy. Overall, Gilbert and Kupperman are in agreement that hedonism does in fact drive the happiness. However, they disagree on the modes of hedonism, mainly due to descriptions of psychological and theological evidence. Kupperman essentially suggests that the hedonic treadmill will continue if people do not forgo pleasuresand an attempt to achieve comfort, as per the Buddhist ideology. Not always, Kupperman states, do pleasures and comfort come without some mental and physical discomfort, but that is what makes the happiness long lasting. Gilbert’s solution to attaining happiness as part of the good life is to manufacture happiness in situations in which we did not have an expected outcome. Gilbert also maintains that the â€Å"experience simulator† should be utilized to possibly motivate us in hedonistic quests. Still, both of these sources recognize hedonism as an unconscious drive for people toShow MoreRelated Comparing the Utility of Bentham and Mill Essay1927 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the Utility of Bentham and Mill utility \U*tili*ty\, n. [OE. utilite, F. utilit[e], L. utilitas, fr. utilis useful. See Utile.] †¦ 3. Happiness; the greatest good, or happiness, of the greatest number, -- the foundation of utilitarianism. --J. S. Mill. Syn: Usefulness; advantageous; benefit; profit; avail; service. (www.dictionary.com) One of the major players in ethical theories has long been the concept of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism states that in generalRead MoreThe Nature Of Change And The Creation Of The Universe2447 Words   |  10 Pagesand each is eternal and unchanging†. Empedocles also proposed a world where the two cosmic forces of love and strife are present. These two forces work upon the four elements in both â€Å"creative and destructive ways†. Love is a force of â€Å"attraction and combination† and Strife is a force of â€Å"repulsion and separation†. Many things were unclear about these forces however, what was true was that the two forces were engaged in an everlasting â€Å"battle for control of the cosmos and that they each prevailRead MoreWhat are Subcultures?1788 Words   |  8 Pagesvalue orientation serving as the driving force in this ad is an appeal to Millenials’ need to have an exciting life by â€Å"doing more†. As a result, the ad was successful when conveying the message â€Å"Do More† to this subculture. Another attribute is skin moisturising ingredient, which results in reducing skin irritation. The emotional consequence of reducing skin irritation is feeling comfortable. Finally, the underlying personal value that feeling appeals to is hedonism – enjoying life and receiving pleasureRead MoreA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories2669 Words   |  11 PagesDenying rights to a segment of society is acceptable if the identified segment possesses unique characteristics that would logically prevent the group from involvement in the activity. For example, it is ethically acceptable to prevent children from driving an automobile, assuming this limitation is applied to all youth in a uniform manner. Ethical Theories/Principles Several ethical principles have been proposed in western society. For most of time since the 18th century, ethical theories haveRead MoreIn the story of The Island of â€Å"Kora†, the island had been devastated by a violent earthquake that2800 Words   |  12 Pagesappeal to the values of the people. So given the current situation on the Island of Kora, which ethical theory should we use? Normative, meta-ethical, deontological, teleological, ethical egoism, Kant’s formalism theory, divine command theory, hedonism, or situational ethics, which one would be the most appropriate one to use? Looking at each one we find some that are totally inappropriate for the situation and others had have some merit. Normative ethics would have a practical value in thisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3978 Words   |  16 Pagesand Daisy is rekindled and they begin an affair. Nevertheless, no love occurs without difficulties. Tom, suspicious of Daisy and Gatsby’s relationship, soon realizes their love for one another. On the day of the luncheon at the Buchanan’s home, Tom forces those present to drive into NYC. Tom, taking Nick and Jordan in Gatsby’s car, flaunts the car in front of Mr. Wilson, only to discover that the Wilsons were to make their way westward. 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Hastings has sent the jewels in a casket to Marlow for safekeeping but Marlow, confused, has given them to Mrs. Hardcastle (whom he still believes is the landlady of the inn). When Hastings learnsRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 PagesGolden Rule (or its variations in many religions) and the Ten Commandments, religious morality is clearly a primary force in shaping our societal ethics. The question her concerns the applicability of religious ethics to the business community. 2- Genetic Inheritance: In recent years, social-biologists have lots of evidence and arguments to suggest that the evolutionary forces of natural selection influence the development of the traits such as corporation and alteration that lie at the core

Case Study Concerning The Well-Being Of Mrs. Nancy Jamison Free Essays

The following document is created to discuss a case study concerning the well-being of Mrs. Nancy Jamison, a 67 rear-old retired woman who is suffering from basilar infiltrates consistent with congestive heart failure. Within this document, the following will be reviewed: Steps in the continuum of care which could have been bypassed in order to expedite care of the patient; observations regarding the care provided for this patient; specialty services in the Philadelphia area that provides care for the following needs: coronary care, trauma care, burn care, complicated obstetrical care, and premature infant care. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Concerning The Well-Being Of Mrs. Nancy Jamison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Upon conclusion, all the previous mentioned will be clearly elucidated. There were a few steps that could have been omitted when Mrs. Jamison arrived to the RediCare located at the local mall. The on-duty care provider there should have checked her insurance and administered her to the appropriate hospital immediately for prompt care. It was very time-consuming to transport her to other hospitals. Immediately following the medical history and medication list that was provided by the computer system, and the physical assessment was performed, Mrs. Jamison should have been disposition to City Heart Institute cath lab. For prompt attention at arrival, Dr. Miller should contact the cardiologist on call at the City Heart Institute, so that appropriate measures will be applied upon arrival. Other observations regarding the care provided for Mrs. Jamison were the lack of prompt decision making skills, lack of considering the time, lack of administering proper medication for release of pain and various symptoms and lack of researching the insurance information so that Mrs. Jamison is disposition to the correct hospital appropriate for the symptoms she was having. In this case, Mrs. Jamison was provided with the care that she needed. However, the entire process was very time-consuming and much could have been omitted. The entire process took approximately two hours before she received the proper care. It does not take long to have a heart attack or for the problem to worsen. Jana, at RediCare, suggests that Mrs. Jamison is administered to the Marysville Community Hospital, but Mrs. Jamison should have been immediately transported to the City Heart Institute cath lab which would have saved some time. There are several locations in Philadelphia that provide services for various needs: 1. Coronary Care: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. The hospital has a special unit for Coronary Care. Located at 3400 Bruce Street in Philadelphia. 2. Trauma Care: Hahnemann University Hospital. Hahnemann University Hospital is a 541-bed academic medical center at Broad Vine Streets in Philadelphia, Pa. The hospital is a tertiary care institution that specializes in trauma services. 3. Burn Care: Temple University Hospital. The hospital has a Severe Burn Care Unit that specializes specifically on the burn. Located at 3401 North Broad Street 400 Carnell Hall in Philadelphia. 4. Complicated Obstetrical Care: Temple University Hospital. Temple Care University Hospital is a major provider to obstetrical services. Located at 3401 North Broad Street 400 Carnell Hall in Philadelphia. 5. Premature Infant Care: The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. The hospital has a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) that provides services for complex problems for premature babies who are in need of intensive medical attention. Located on 34th Street and Center Boulevard in Philadelphia. This review was created to discuss a case study concerning the well-being of Mrs. Nancy Jamison, a 67 rear-old retired woman who is suffering from basilar infiltrates consistent with congestive heart failure. Within this document, the following has been reviewed: Steps in the continuum of care which could have been bypassed in order to expedite care of the patient; observations regarding the care provided for this patient; specialty services in the Philadelphia area that provides care for the specific needs. How to cite Case Study Concerning The Well-Being Of Mrs. Nancy Jamison, Free Case study samples

McDonalds Analysis Essay Example

McDonalds Analysis Essay Using SWOT, PEST, five forces and the Porters Value Chain, I will assess The McDonald Fast food Chain Organisation. The analysis is a way to take the temperature of the business and its market place. It will prompt ideas for improvements to a way the challenges are met. With more than 30,000 restaurants in over 100 countries, 80 % of them franchisees. It feeds some 47 millions clients every day but still serves less than one percent of the worlds population. How does it do this? It lies in its strengths: McDonalds distributors are strategically to be accessible to the each restaurant and carry practically everything, from meat to lightbulbs. From the Classical menu to the new: Newproducts have been introduced as the tastes of the market. Alongside the Big Macs and Chicken McNuggets, there is a New Tastes Menu offering new McTreats. Theres low-fat Chicken Salsa Flatbread, penne salad comes with Italian style chicken For the first time, I can order fresh fruit. The happy Meal Fruit Bag is equivalent to five-a-day recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables, Outside the U. S. Examples include the popular Teriyaki Burger in Japan and vegetable Nuggets in India. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McDonalds Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Customers come to McDonalds for signature products they cant find anywhere else. In addition many families visit the restaurants because of their unique ability to put smiles on their childrens faces. Happy meal combine wholesome food whit a toy; Its value lies in major sponserships from Olympics to Justin Timerlake the singer. Whats are their weakness you say: Its confronting a supersized problem. As fat-fearing nations turn to healthier food and consumer choice expands, the burger market is shrinking fast. The figures tell their own story. Last year McDonalds recorded its first ever loss $343m in the last quarter. The results for the first quarter of this year are worse. In Europe, sales plunged 3. 8 per cent in January McDonalds is shutting 517 underperforming restaurants and pulling out of three countries altogether. The economy is partly blame for this, wars and political disagreements affecting chains(France). But the threat comes from rivals-KFC, Burger king to name a few Its war on the prices as demands are increasing. To name a few Opportunities, McDonalds is shifting the focus to the product. The new ads are all about saying here is some healthy food you will enjoy. The message is that fast food need not be bad food. It is improving though A Nutrition Facts leaflet is proudly displayed at the entrance to help you balance your McDonalds meal: They know people think about their health, so now we have healthy food. As customers change, McDonalds changes by quietly buying up chains that already have a reputation for serving high quality food. nvesting in quality restaurants, mid range restaurants to combat the threats feature(five forces) that do not bear their name, like Boston Market, Chipotle Griland . The Threats: Subway, the sandwich maker is the largest fast food chain in the US. Fat people suing burger bars. Lawyers point out that obesity is now Americas number one killer. Eric Schlosser, whose bestselling book tarnished McDonalds image by criticising on fast food and its effect on diet, health. He made revelations that the beef in fast food burgers can contain meat from up to 100 different animals. Leaves a foul taste in the mouth doesnt it. However, surprisingly, Schlosser believes the firm is heading in the right direction On the whole customer loyalty is still very much there. Despite its problems it still serves 46 million people a day in 30,000 restaurants in 125 countries. But one thing is certain. If the burger n fries chain has a future, it wont be burgers n fries. For Mcdonalds to develop further it needs to invest (RD) in the research of low fat foods. Keep out of countries that dislike USA. It needs to focus more on the countries where it makes substantial profit like the USA and Europe. But most of all it needs to put money in the work force. It needs to go back in advertising and market the good foods they have and will have. Its been a while since I have seen an advert on TV or a Billboard. It is time to comeback. It needs educators specialising in Nutrition, to spread the news about the health foods they are starting to provide. They need to help the environment to tarnish up their image and to show what measures they are going to, to satisfy more concious and a healthy customer. On top of all this, it still needs to be darn cheap.

Discussion Post Example

Discussion Post Example Discussion Post – Coursework Example Discussion Post Oil prices are linked to a variety of factors ranging from the usual demand and supply to political influences. One factor is the increase in exploration of oil in the Americas. New legislation is allowing exploration of oil in various regions within America, where this activity was not allowed previously. Mexico is continuously struggling to get access to the technology that is essential to explore its underground oil reserves (Jervy this is rapidly becoming a cheaper alternative to oil (Miller, 2015). Keeping in view these circumstances, the older players in the field of oil are forced to reduce the oil prices dramatically, primarily due to the fact that their influence an only be maintained if worldwide interest in their product is maintained. The impact of falling oil prices on other sectors of the economy like housing and travel will be positive, since reduced prices contribute to a fall in the services and production costs (Zimpleman, 2015). Since transportatio n of goods is an unavoidable aspect of trade and business, reduced prices of transportation are likely to contribute significantly in this regard. In areas where oil is routinely used for energy production, reduced oil prices will pave way for further progress by decreasing the costs of energy. Keeping in view these circumstances, it can be concluded that reduction in oil prices is likely to bestow new life to our economy in the coming future. ReferencesJervy,  B., & Horn,  S. (2014). "No Turning Back:" Mexicos Looming Fracking and Offshore Oil and Gas Bonanza | DeSmogBlog. Retrieved  January  29, 2015, from desmogblog.com/2014/05/12/no-turning-back-mexico-looming-fracking-and-offshore-oil-and-gas-bonanzaMiller,  J. (2014). Oil Price Drop and Effect Causes | The Energy Collective. Retrieved  January  29, 2015, from http://theenergycollective.com/jemillerep/2146151/are-declining-oil-prices-increasing-risks-opec-us-energy-security-or-clean-fuels-Zimpleman,  L.  D. (2 015). The Effects of Lower Oil Prices – At A Glance - WSJ. Retrieved  January  29, 2015, from http://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2015/01/13/the-effects-of-lower-gas-prices-at-a-glance/

Meuse-Argonne Offensive in World War I

Meuse-Argonne Offensive in World War I The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was one of the final campaigns of World War I (1914-1918) and was fought between September 26 and November 11, 1918. Part of the Hundred Days Offensives, the thrust in the Meuse-Argonne was the largest American operation of the conflict and involved 1.2 million men. The offensive saw attacks through the difficult terrain between the Argonne Forest and the Meuse River. While the First US Army made early gains, the operation soon devolved into a bloody battle of attrition. Lasting until the end of the war, the Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the deadliest battle in American history with over 26,000 killed. Background On August 30, 1918, the supreme commander of Allied forces, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, arrived at the headquarters of General John J. Pershings First US Army. Meeting with the American commander, Foch ordered  Pershing to effectively shelve a planned offensive against the Saint-Mihiel salient, as he wished to use the American troops piecemeal to support a British offensive to the north. Having relentlessly planned the Saint-Mihiel operation, which he saw as opening the way to an advance on the rail hub of Metz, Pershing resisted Fochs demands. Outraged, Pershing refused to let his command be broken apart and argued in favor of moving forward with the assault on Saint-Mihiel. Ultimately, the two came to a compromise. Pershing would be permitted to attack Saint-Mihiel but was required to be in position for an offensive in the Argonne Valley by mid-September. This required Pershing to fight a major battle, and then shift approximately 400,000 men sixty miles all within the span of ten days. General John J. Pershing. Photograph Courtesy of the Library of Congress Stepping off on September 12, Pershing won a swift victory at Saint-Mihiel.  After clearing the salient in three days of fighting, the Americans began moving north to the Argonne. Coordinated by Colonel George C. Marshall, this movement was completed in time to commence the Meuse-Argonne Offensive on September 26. Planning Unlike the flat terrain of Saint-Mihiel, the Argonne was a valley flanked by thick forest to one side and the Meuse River on the other. This terrain provided an excellent defensive position for five divisions from General Georg von der Marwitzs Fifth Army. Flush with victory, Pershings objectives for the first day of the attack were extremely optimistic and called for his men to break through two major defensive lines dubbed Giselher and Kreimhilde by the Germans. In addition, American forces were hampered by the fact that five of the nine divisions slated for the attack had not yet seen combat. This use of relatively inexperienced troops was necessitated by the fact that many of the more veteran divisions had been employed at Saint-Mihiel and required time to rest and refit before re-entering the line.   Meuse-Argonne Offensive Conflict: World War IDates: September 26-November 11, 1918Armies Commanders:United StatesGeneral John J. Pershing1.2 million men by the end of the campaignGermanyGeneral Georg von der Marwitz450,000 by the end of the campaignCasualties:United States: 26,277 killed and 95,786 woundedGermany: 28,000 killed and 92,250 wounded Opening Moves Attacking at 5:30 AM on September 26 after a prolonged bombardment by 2,700 guns, the final goal of the offensive was the capture of Sedan, which would cripple the German rail network. It was later reported that more ammunition was expended during the bombardment than had been used in the entirety of the Civil War. The initial assault made solid gains and was supported by American and French tanks. Falling back to the Giselher line, the Germans prepared to make stand. In the center, the attack bogged down as troops from V Corps struggled to take the 500-ft. height of Montfaucon. The capture of the heights had been assigned to the green 79th Division, whose attack stalled when the neighboring 4th Division failed to execute Pershings orders for them to turn the Germans flank and force them from Montfaucon. Elsewhere, the difficult terrain slowed the attackers and limited visibility. Seeing a crisis developing on Fifth Armys front, General Max von Gallwitz directed six reserve divisions to shore up the line. Though a brief advantage had been gained, the delays at Montfaucon and elsewhere along the line allowed for the arrival of additional German troops who quickly began to form a new defensive line. With their arrival, American hopes for a quick victory in the Argonne were dashed and a grinding, attritional battle commenced. While Montfaucon was taken the next day, the advance proved slow and American forces were plagued by leadership and logistical issues. By October 1, the offensive had come to a halt. Traveling among his forces, Pershing replaced several of his green divisions with more experienced troops, though this movement only added to the logistical and traffic difficulties. Additionally, ineffective commanders were mercilessly removed from their commands and replaced by more aggressive officers. US Marines during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. National Archives and Records Administration Grinding Forward On October 4, Pershing ordered an assault all along the American line. This was met with ferocious resistance from the Germans, with the advance measured in yards. It was during this phase of the fighting that the 77th Divisions famed Lost Battalion made its stand. Elsewhere, Corporal Alvin York of the 82nd Division won the Medal of Honor for capturing 132 Germans. As his men pushed north, Pershing increasingly found that his lines were subjected to German artillery from the heights on the east bank of the Meuse. To alleviate this problem, he made a push over the river on October 8 with the goal of silencing German guns in the area. This made little headway. Two days later he turned command of the First Army over to Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett. As Liggett pressed on, Pershing formed the Second US Army on the east side of the Meuse and placed Lieutenant General Robert L. Bullard in command. Between October 13-16, American forces began to break through the German lines with the capture of Malbrouck, Consenvoye, Cà ´te Dame Marie, and Chatillon. With these victories in hand, American forces pierced the Kreimhilde line, achieving Pershings goal for the first day. With this done, Liggett called a halt to reorganize. While collecting stragglers and re-supplying, Liggett ordered an attack towards Grandprà © by the 78th Division. The town fell after a ten-day battle. Breakthrough On November 1, following a massive bombardment, Liggett resumed a general advance all along the line. Slamming into the tired Germans, First Army made large gains, with the V Corps gaining five miles in the center. Forced into a headlong retreat, the Germans were prevented from forming new lines by the rapid American advance. On November 5, the 5th Division crossed the Meuse, frustrating German plans to use the river as a defensive line. Three days later, the Germans contacted Foch about an armistice. Feeling that the war should continue until the Germans unconditionally surrendered, Pershing pushed his two armies to attack without mercy. Driving the Germans, American forces allowed the French to take Sedan as the war came to a close on November 11. Aftermath The Meuse-Argonne Offensive cost Pershing 26,277 killed and 95,786 wounded, making it the largest and bloodiest operation of the war for the American Expeditionary Force. American losses were exacerbated by the inexperience of many of the troops and tactics used during the early phases of the operation. Germans losses numbered 28,000 killed and 92,250 wounded. Coupled with British and French offensives elsewhere on the Western Front, the assault through the Argonne was critical in breaking German resistance and bringing World War I to an end.

Enjoying horror movies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enjoying horror movies - Article Example Furthermore a person does not literally experience the brutality but is more of enjoying the pain that another person in undergoing. Torture porn is fairly a new concept that has emerged in recent times. It claims that, it is human nature to enjoy the suffering of another. When we see another person suffer it helps us arouse psychological feelings such as curiosity and anxiety which causes comfort to see someone else in pain. Furthermore these movies are merely exaggeration and mostly do not have any practicality linked to them. The only thing that attracts people is the persona that it tends to creates in other words it craves the scare or merely develops feelings which excite a person. Aesthetically horror movies tend to polish the feelings of fear in a person. Pleasure is sought by watching something scary. At times horror movies become more than an obsession than source of pleasure. It has been observed that the young generation is mostly fond of watching horror movies the reason remains very obvious that young individuals are undergoing a constant process of developing physically and psychologically. When they watch such movies it helps them to transform the hormones which are in excess. Apart from this horror movies are a way of expressing emotions. Those who prefer watching horror movies enjoy the most frightening scenes as it enhances their overall experience. Another reason why people love to watch horror movies is that when individuals watch such movies they engage in some sort of pleasure that arouses their psychological state developing anxiety and curiosity which I mentioned earlier. But these movies do not have any reality and thus no risk of life or anything else. Although there are many negatives such as long lasting impact on the mind of individuals or developing phobias but usually those who enjoy such movies tend to ignore the adverse effects. It is also said that individuals tends to engage in watching such movies because when people watch t hese horror movies eventually they engross in terror for the sake of acquiring euphoric sort of relief in the end.(University of Chicago Journals) Through such movies a viewer tends to experience two emotional states at the same time that is being happy and unhappy. This weird combination enthralls the human mind and does the work of a sedate which relaxes the human mind. Some also believe that love for horror and stab is inborn as the darker side of an individual encourages them to enjoy filth and pain. Some individuals also believe that gender and gender bending also contributes in the enjoyment of horror movies. Masochistic tendency is also very common amongst people these days. The sexual gratification one acquires which watching physical and mental abuse tends to encourage and attract individuals to watch such movies. One of the most common reasons why people enjoy watching horror movies is that it allows them to escape from reality, their everyday lives to a world full of exci tement and anticipation causing a change in emotions and state. The rushes of adrenaline that occurs in the body makes people enjoy the far and treachery. These movies can act as a positive reinforcement to release tension and pressure without the fear of any practical damage what so ever.

Jewish Civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jewish Civilization - Assignment Example Significant of Tanakh to Jewish history Jewish are also called â€Å"the people of the book†. After the demolition of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Jewish sacrifices were impossible and the life style of Jews turned to Tanakh study accompanied with synagogue prayers. The study Tanakh including other Jewish writings is important to the life of religious. Tanakh, Talmud, and other writing are major sources to learn about Jewish history and God’s commandments, whereby this two continue to portray a main part in Jewish. To remember various things that God did to the Jewish and His commandments, selections of important Tanakh and prophets takes place in the synagogues. To help in good interpretation of the God’s commandments, effective rabbinical writings develop daily. Studying Tanakh is significant in the Jewish history since it is an important portion of the Jewish children’s education, and thus Jewish religion centers on intensive writing study. 3. Oral Torah Apart from the written Torah, there was also oral Torah, which God gave to Moses at Mount Sinai during the forty years Israelites took in the desert. Oral Torah involves two parts, the Gemara and the Mishnah both of which gives a wide range of principles included in the written torah. The Oral Torah is a tradition explaining the meaning of the written Torah, ways of interpreting them, and ways of applying the Laws. Jewish believe that Gog gave Moses and taught him the Oral Torah, who taught the other Jewish. This Jewish tradition remained functional until 2nd century C.E. During this century, Jewish piled up the Oral Torah and wrote it down in a form of a document known as Mishnah. Examples of oral Torah include the Halachah (Laws given to Moses at Sinai) and the Shlosh Esreh Middot Sheha Torah Nidreshet Bahem (The thirteen principles of Torah Exegesis). Significance of Oral Torah to Jewish History The Jewish theology believes that Oral Torah brings value as commentary, history, an d understanding of how Jewish interpreted certain aspects. For instance, â€Å"an eye for an eye† statement means financial compensation. However, many Messiah teaching are in the Oral Torah and extra information explaining the meanings of these Messiah teaching are in the Talmud. Additionally, Oral Torah teaches us the issue and thinking processes of Christians and therefore Oral Torah deserve good understanding and respect. Oral Torah is significant because it contains broad interpretation of the written Torah in the light of transforming circumstances to enable it adapt new situations. However, it shows Jewish people daily basis requirements. Although different Jewish people apply the Oral Torah laws in dissimilar ways, they normally acknowledge significance of Oral Torah by ensuring that all oral principles remain applicable. Nevertheless, Oral Torah plays a significant role in the current Judaism practices. 8. Siddur A Siddur is a Jewish prayer book, which contains a set of daily prayers. The earliest portions of this Jewish prayer book are the Hear O Israel (Shema Yisrael), and the Numbers (Priestly Blessing), which were contained in the Torah. Soncino in Italy published the Siddur in the year 1486, although it its distribution was in the year 1865. As early as 1538, Siddur started to come into view in the vernacular. Significance of Siddur to the Jewish History Siddur prayer book is significant to the Jewish

UK Grocery Retailing Industry Macro Influences And Tesco Marketing Essay

UK Grocery Retailing Industry Macro Influences And Tesco Marketing Essay The global retail industry has metamorphosed more in the last seven decades than it has in the last seven centuries. History tells us that the retail business depends on the economic and disposable income levels of the populace that moves from the centres of economic deprivation to the industrialised and prosperous environments. The evolution of the retail industry in the United Kingdom bears testimony to this phenomenon. The last few decades have seen heterogeneous expansion in food retailing in the UK, including the materialisation of innovative shop formats, superior logistics, capital outlays in new technology, sophistication of supply chain processes, and the continuous growth of supermarket chains (Nicholson-Lord, 2004). This report takes up the food retail sector, with particular reference to the strategies followed by Tesco, for examination and analysis. Supermarkets reflect, in the United Kingdom as elsewhere, the reality of contemporary economic life and have an enormous and urbane influence over the grocery supply chain (Defra, 2006). The supermarket industry is lucritive and could be said to be profiteering at consumers expense, however recent investigations into the industry by the competition commision show that this is not the case the industry is currently broadly competitive and that, overall, excessive prices are not being charged, nor excessive profits earned. (Defra, 2006). The sector has changed and adapted over time from solely selling groceries to offering a wide range of products under one roof. With technologcal improvement and the internet being used by the many, operations have also moved online allowing customers to shop for anything from bread and milk to car insurance and telephones from their computer. This structured report deals with: the key macro factors in the evolution of UK supermarkets; the current attractiveness of the supermarket sector, and; Tescos growth strategy. 2. Key Macro Factors in the Evolution of UK Supermarkets The retail business in British cities, till the 1960s, had a hierarchical arrangement and focused on the central commercial districts. It was balanced by a comparatively minor number of town or district centres, offering a strapping convenience-goods merchandising function, and a secondary array of comparison wares for particular city centres (Bromley Thomas, 1993). The next stage of transformation from the mid-1960s onwards: increasing prosperity and disposable incomes; rising levels of vehicle ownership; urbanisation; increased levels of female participation in employment, has driven new patterns of consumer behaviour and increased demand for specialised and sophisticated ranges of goods and services (Bowlby, 2001). This transformation has been instrumental in changing the character of the urban retail landscape (Bromley Thomas, 1993). Political and Legal The supermarket sector is under constant political watch since restriction of competition and accusations of being an oligopolistic market arose. Investigations carried out by the Competition Commission resulted in the adoption of a Code of Practice, which has now been in operation for some years. The sector is also under governmental pressure to increase its employment levels, particularly because employment in the supermarket sector has not kept pace with growth (Emerging, 2010). Economic Supermarket operations are under pressure because of the ongoing economic downturn. High unemployment levels, along with stagnation in consumer incomes, has affected consumer spending. Supermarkets are responding with better offers through renegotiation of supplier prices and improvement of operational efficiencies (Tesco, 2009). Social Social and demographic changes play a major role in supermarket operations. For example, the ageing population, along with an increasing number of female workers, single parents and divorcees, is reducing the frequency of meals prepared at home. Increasing consumer focus on health is leading to greater stocking of organic foods and Fairtrade marked products (De Chatel Hunt, 2003). Technological Most supermarkets now have an online presence to market their products and have set up efficient, well designed e-commerce websites. Supermarkets use modern technology in a number of other areas e.g. electronic shelf labelling, customer data management and supply chain management (Tesco, 2009). Environmental Although supermarkets are very popular, they are scrutinised for increased fossil fuel consumption due to goods transportation and changing shopping patterns, requiring customers to drive to supermarkets. Also the introduction of reduced usage of plastic bags in supermarkets, Marks Spencer was a leader in reducing the plastic bags used by its consumers; a five pence levy was placed on each carrier bag in a bid to curb usage. Other supermarkets although not charging customers to use the bags withdrew from the shop floor and customers had to ask if they needed the bags. Tesco introduced a clubcard scheme offering customers clubcard points to customers who do not use plastic bags. 3. Current Market Position of UK Supermarkets It needs to be noted that the retail business has evolved from an industrial to a post-industrial stage. More than 2.1 million people, approximately comprising about 10 per cent of the labour force, were working in retail distribution by 1992 (Employment Gazette  November 1992), and the biggest retailers are now among the major companies (Lowe Crewe 1991). Competitive Rivalry The supermarket sector witnesses intense rivalry between market participants. Supermarkets have grown at the expense of specialist food shops (e.g. grocers, green grocers, dairies, butchers and fishmongers) by offering wider product ranges and lower prices under one roof(keynote 2007). The constant monitoring of market share, price wars, innovative shopping formats, promotions and loyalty schemes not only demonstrate the rivalry present but also the struggle each supermarket faces for customer footfalls. With the four main supermarkets having such a large market share, the UK supermarket industry could be said to be operating as an oligopoly. However as shown by the competition commission and the Office of Fair Trading, there is no anti-competitive behaviour taking place. In realty prices would be lower for consumers in a perfectly competitive market rather than the oligopolistic market that is currently in the UK, however unless there is clear evidence of price-fixing or cartels it would be highly unlikely government will intervene and take action to stop the big four supermarkets growing further. Bargaining Power of Buyers The power of buyers can be interpreted in different ways. At first glance, they appear to be powerful because they have a wide range of products to choose from, and can switch from one supermarket to another. In antithesis, customers have lost the flexibility, home grown service, and range of produce that was available with traditional providers. Consumers may be loyal to their local supermarket, but by no policy or guidelines consumers are technically free to shop at any supermarket. The government through the OFT ensure that a fair price is being charged to consumers. The consumer could be said to have immense power as with the industry being so competitive and incentives always being used customers are benefiting. Also the wide use of the Internet now allows customers to check prices and compare products online before purchasing, whether they purchase in store or online. But they could be said to have very little power as they cannot negotiate, the prices are set by the supermarket and cannot be changed by the buyer. Bargaining Power of Suppliers? The power of supermarket suppliers Suppliers power is the most talked about force within the supermarket industry. UK supermarkets have immense purchasing power due to their dominant size and can demand products at the price and quality they require. The problem facing suppliers is because there are so many suppliers if one fails to meet the requirements of the supermarket then the supermarket can go to another supplier and get what they want. This gives them relatively little or no bargaining power with the supermarkets. The supplier code of practice has been put in place by the government to stop such bad practice by retailers however its viability is yet to be seen. Many smaller suppliers are still saying that they are being bullied by the large supermarkets price and other conditions. But as with any business transaction, the seller wants to achive the highest possible price and the buyer wants to keep costs as low as possible, the interests of bother parties will be different. Threat of New Entrants The threat from new entrants is comparatively weak because of the immense financial investments required to effectively enter the UK supermarket and superstore segment. It is difficult for entrants to invest the capital required for space, assets, and extremely sophisticated supply chains. Other barriers include existing market shares, scale economies, product differentiation and customer knowledge expertise built by existing players. However with supermarkets requiring planning permission for every new store there are areas in the country in which smaller independents which are wearket to get access and launch or continue their business. With the government offering many grants and tax relief for small businesses it could be said that the market is still a free market to operate in. But by being a free market and open economy it also allows large multinationals enter the uk supermarket industry through mergers and acquisitions as that of Wal-Mart purchasing Asda in 1999. By government not intervening it has allowed Asda to compete much more in the industry without the funding it would lag behind its rivals substantially. This has also been the case with the merger of Safeway and Morrisons. By not intervening the government has allowed the market to be less monopolistic as their would have only been two large players, Tesco and Sainsburys. Threat of Substitute Products/Services The threat from substitutes is weak because of evolved consumer buying habits and the enormous convenience provided by supermarkets. This was recently illustrated by the failure of Aldi and Lidl who tried to take advantage of the economic recession by introducing new and more economical shopping formats. The threat of substitutes could be said to be irelavent as there is no substitute as everybody needs food, however substitutes such as smaller specialist food retailers could be seen as a substitute. With government emphasis on healthy eating, the large supermarkets have started to label their foods nutritional value in much more depth. This oculd be seen as indirect intervention and government may have actually hindered smaller food retailers who had found a niche in the market, and also therefore reduced the threat of substitutes. But with some products the price inelasticity or luxury means that customers are willing to pay more for the product, for example organic produce from farmers markets. However with more and more emphasis on healthy eating being made on all forms of media by the government, the green grocers, butchers and other smaller units may be seeing an increase in sales due to the freshness of their produce. Customers from supermarkets may prefer to purchase food from these smaller retailers as they know the quality may exceed what they would normally purchase and will be healthier. Clearly customers are willing to pay more where they Summary Whilst the industry may appear to be attractive, because of the growth and profitability being achieved by market participants, it is characterised by enormous competition and very high entry barriers. Organisations trying to enter the market need to have high capital reserves, a consistent strategy, and the willingness to grow by acquisition, as well as through organic means. In conclusion the supermarket industry can be shaped and restrained by government intervention but by allowing the industry to continue as a free market, everyone is seen to benefit, whether it be consumers getting the best possible price, making suppliers livelihoods, or the economy as whole growing. 4. Tesco: Strategy and Growth Tesco has a deep-rooted and constant strategy for growth, which has allowed the strengthening of its core UK business and growth into fresh markets. The underlying principle of the strategy, laid down in 1997, was to enlarge the span of the business to allow the delivery of a sturdy and protracted long-term growth (Quick facts, 2009). This can be achieved by pursuing current Tesco customers and encouraging them into purchasing from its other domestic businesses, including financial services, non-food and telecommunications (Quick facts, 2009). They are currently ranked 4th in global retail sales and operate in 13 countries in 2008 (Delloite 2009). The objectives of this five pronged strategy are (a) to be a successful global retailer, (b) to grow the core UK business, (c) to be equally robust in food and non-food segments (d) to scale up retailing services like Tesco Personal Finance and (e) to place community at the centre of its strategy (Tesco plc, 2009). In being a successful global retailer, Tesco has long practiced the commonly used glocal practices which encompass the ground realities of the local environment with the global best business practices. Being close to the consumers enables quick reaction times, especially in the current downturn, to the local changes as they happen in its markets across the world (Tesco plc, 2009). Dunnhumby, the consumer research entity that enabled Tescos Clubcard loyalty scheme, has brought about a deep understanding of the consumers wants. This was developed through many years of research in customer insight skills and buying patterns. (Tesco Group, 2010). Market Penetration During the last recession, Value lines was launched in the country to provide the cheapest grocery products, inclusive of discounters. Keeping quality in mind, Tesco made the biggest change to their product range by launching 500 new items as part of their Discount Brands (Tesco plc, 2009). The unique efficiency saving plan called Step Change has already delivered  £540 million of productivity and other changes. These have been ploughed back primarily into efficiency projects that encompass the entire business from stores and depots to the office (Tesco plc, 2009). Examples of such improvements include reducing energy consumption in stores, eliminating 52,000 store deliveries by means of larger-fill transportation, leading to added savings of 12 million road miles. Also, the introduction of new self checkout technology for stores, as well as introducing pioneering technology to allow electronic check-in of bread and milk depot deliveries leading to a sizeable removal of paperwork and administration (Tesco plc, 2009). Tescos offer of five pence of a litre of fuel in their petrol stations, this a form of market penetration in an aim to get more customers through the doors in its supermarket operations, while giving them a discount on fuel. This strategy employed by Tesco could be seen as successful as the promotion is offered regularly on a short term basis, also competitor Sainsburys also do the promotion on a regular basis. Diversification The non-food market remains an essential component of Tescos long-term strategy, since it encompasses a market similar to that in size of food, and provides a vast opportunity. Empirical data strongly suggests that the consumer will buy, even in poor economic conditions, when they see value. By products being sourced globally, consolidating freight volumes and investing in buying hubs,Tesco are able to exploit economies of scale to ensure customers receive the best possible price.(Tesco plc, 2009). The global purchasing office based in Hong Kong is accountable for buying 100,000 non-food products for the entire Group and, wherever possible, the purchases are sourced directly through factories without involving agents. This sourcing team last year shipped 72,000 containers from 54 ports. The sourcing hubs based largely in Asia and Europe ensure that the goods are delivered from ethical sources, on time, and in the best price and quality (Tesco plc, 2009). Product Development The Tesco website has around 1.5 million hits per week and Tesco Direct, which is controlled within tesco.com, is effortlessly accessible to customers via the internet and their catalogues (Tesco plc, 2009). The strategic retailing services comprise of tesco.com, online shopping channels, Tesco Direct, telecoms, and Tesco Personal Finance. All financial products are obtainable online and over 50% of customers choose to purchase in this manner (Tesco plc, 2009).Tesco has targeted profitability growth in the services division from approximately  £400 million in 2007/08 to  £1 billion over the next few years (Tesco plc, 2009). High quality practices for supply chain and customer relationship management, used in conjunction with Point of Sale (POS) software, has enabled Tesco to manage a paradigm shift in its core retail business. This has enabled Tesco to reach out to its exsisting customers in order for them to utilise the other retail services available. A critical cornerstone of Tescos strategy is to strategically position the community at the core of its operations. The Group has taken a leadership role in its efforts towards climate change and environmental responsibility, and has set ambitious targets to reduce emissions in its own buildings and distribution networks (Tesco plc, 2009). Market Development Tesco is now the first UK retail major to exhibit the full carbon footprint of all its own-label milk ranges, excluding organic milk, and has vowed to footprint 500 products by the year end. Reassuringly, research has now established that 50% of shoppers surveyed now realise the proper meaning of carbon footprint, as against only 32% of shoppers surveyed in the previous year (Smithers, 2009). Extensive scrutiny of sales and loyalty card data has enabled Tesco to select the main items for economy conscious buyers. This has enabled prices to be reduced on important consumption goods, in order to assist customers in the difficult economic conditions as well as beating competitor prices (Tesco plc, 2009). In response to the threat posed last year from the fast-expanding discount stores, including Aldi, Tesco reacted quicker than competitors in taking a stance. The launch of the Discount Brands at Tesco scheme presented price deflation, rather than expecting customers to downgrade, in contrast to competitors. The initiatives main aim was to retain the current market share held by Tesco and prevent these discount stores from acquiring further market share. Tesco was the first major player in the online grocery market (Mintel, 2010), giving it the first mover advantage. This has allowed Tesco to build up a strong customer base as at one point, it was the only UK supermarket to offer onlne groceries. Their share is steadily declining as their competitors are also offering customers the ease of shopping online by having an online presense. Although it operates transacional websites for three countries many of its sales are generated in the UK. It began trading with food only but in only three years of operation it expanded and launched the non-food section, Tesco Direct. From 2004 2008, Tesco.com sales as a percentage of all uk revenue has grown from 2.6% to 5.0, this is shown in Appendix Tescos online division has been so successful that two stores have had to be opened just to service online demand (Mintel, 2010) 5. Conclusion Supermarkets and superstores are an undisputable part of the geographical contours and the economic foundation of UK society. Such supermarkets, comprising of Tesco, Sainsburys, ASDA, Waitrose and Morrison, provide approximately 80 % of the foods consumed by UK residents and play an important role in the determination of consumer choice across the country. The growth of supermarkets, much of which has occurred during the last few decades has been driven by the rapid and far reaching transformation of UK society, characterised by increasing prosperity and disposable incomes, rising levels of vehicle ownership, urbanisation, increased levels of female participation in employment has driven new patterns of consumer behaviour and increased demand for specialised and sophisticated range of goods and services (Bowlby, 2001). This transformation has been instrumental in changing the character of the urban retail landscape. Tesco, the clear leader of the UK supermarket sector, and otherwise an eminent example of British commercial and retailing skills, has constantly adopted a fundamental and steadfast strategy for growth, which has reaulted in the constant strengthening and expansion of its core UK business and helped it to grow into new markets. The primary principle of its strategy, which is now being followed for more than a decade, lies in enlarging business span iin order to allow for delivery of robust and and continuous growth. Recent years are also witnessing much improved corporate citizenship in the supermarket sector, with regard to the purposeful and determined support for health and organic foods and sustained efforts to reduce fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse emissions. Appendices Appendix 1 (Tesco Group, 2009) Five year summary IFRS 2005 20061 2007 2008 2009 53 weeks Financial statistics Group sales (including VAT) ( £m) 36,957 43,137 46,611 51,773 59,426 Revenue (excluding VAT) ( £m) UK 27,146 29,990 32,665 34,8586 38,191 Rest of Europe 3,818 5,095 5,559 6,872 8,862 Asia 2,902 4,369 4,417 5,552 7,068 US 166 206 Total Group 33,866 39,454 42,641 47,298 54,327 Operating profit2  ( £m) UK 1,556 1,788 2,083 2,1646 2,540 Rest of Europe 243 263 324 400 479 Asia 153 229 241 294 343 US (67)6 (156) Total Group 1,952 2,280 2,648 2,791 3,206 Operating profit margin2 UK 5.7% 6.0% 6.4% 6.2%6 6.7% Rest of Europe 6.4% 5.2% 5.8% 5.8% 5.4% Asia 5.3% 5.2% 5.5% 5.3% 4.9% US n/a6 n/a Total Group 5.8% 5.8% 6.2% 5.9% 5.9% Share of results of joint ventures and associates3  ( £m) 74 82 106 75 110 Profit on sale of investment in associates 25 Net finance costs3  ( £m) (132) (127) (126) (63) (362) Profit before tax ( £m) 1,894 2,235 2,653 2,803 2,954 Taxation3  ( £m) (541) (649) (772) (673) (788) Minority interests ( £m) (3) (6) (7) (6) (5) (Loss)/profit for the period from discontinued operation4  ( £m) (6) (10) 18 Profit for the financial year attributable to equity holders of the parent ( £m) 1,344 1,570 1,892 2,124 2,161 Underlying profit before tax5  ( £m) 1,925 2,277 2,545 2,846 3,128 Enterprise value7  ( £m) 27,910 30,841 40,469 37,656 35,907 Basic earnings per share8 17.52p 20.20p 23.61p 26.95p 27.50p Diluted earnings per share8 17.30p 19.92p 23.31p 26.61p 27.31p Dividend per share9 7.56p 8.63p 9.64p 10.90p 11.96p Return on shareholders funds10 23.2% 24.9% 26.7% 25.1% 23.9% Return on capital employed11 11.8% 12.7% 12.6%16 12.9%17 13.0%20 Group statistics Number of stores 2,334 2,672 3,263 3,751 4,332 Total sales area 000 sq ft12 49,135 55,215 68,189 76,338 88,451 Average employees 335,750 368,213 413,061 444,127 468,508 Average full-time equivalent employees 242,980 273,024 318,283 345,737 364,015 UK retail statistics Number of stores 1,780 1,898 1,988 2,11518 2,28221 Total sales area 000 sq ft12 24,207 25,919 27,785 29,54918 31,28521 Average store size (sales area sq ft)13 31,677 32,816 34,209 35,05518 35,21521 Average full-time equivalent employees 163,006 175,459 184,461 193,917 194,420 UK retail productivity ( £) Revenue per employee14 166,534 170,923 177,084 179,840 196,436 Profit per employee14 9,564 10,190 11,292 10,81419 13,065 Weekly sales per sq ft15 23.89 25.06 25.48 25.43 26.21 1. Results for the year ended 25 February 2006 include 52 weeks for the UK and ROI and 14 months for the majority of the remaining International businesses. 2. Operating profit includes integration costs and profit/(loss) arising on sale of fixed assets. Operating margin is based upon revenue excluding VAT. 3. Share of results of joint ventures and associates is stated net of the interest and tax of the Groups joint ventures and associates. The Groups charges for interest and tax have been reduced by these amounts. 4. Consists of the net result of the Taiwanese business which was sold during 2006/7. 5. IFRS underlying profit excludes IAS 32 and IAS 39 Financial Instruments Fair value remeasurements, the IAS 19 Income Statement charge, which is replaced by the normal cash contributions for pensions, IAS 17 Leases impact of annual uplifts in rent and rent-free periods and IFRS 3 Amortisation charge from intangible assets arising on acquisition. For further details of this measure,  see accounting policies. 6. Results have been restated to reflect the US as a separate segment. 7. Market capitalisation plus net debt. 8. Basic and diluted earnings per share are on a continuing operations basis. 9. Dividend per share relating to the interim and proposed final dividend. 10. Profit before tax divided by average shareholders funds. 11. The numerator is profit before interest, less tax. The denominator is the calculated average of net assets plus net debt plus dividend creditor less net assets held for sale. 12. Store sizes exclude lobby and restaurant areas. 13. Average store size excludes Express and One Stop stores. 14. Based on average number of full-time equivalent employees in the UK, revenue exclusive of VAT and operating profit. 15. Based on weighted average sales area and sales excluding property development. 16. Excludes one-off gain from Pensions A-Day, with this one-off gain ROCE was 13.6%. 17. Using a normalised tax rate before start-up costs in the US and Tesco Direct and excluding the impact of foreign exchange in equity and our acquisition of a majority share of Dobbies. 18. Excluding 53 US stores and 22 Dobbies stores. 19. Excluding start-up costs in the US and Tesco Direct and adjusting average number of full-time equivalent employees in the UK to exclude US and Tesco Direct employees profit per employee would be  £11,317. 20. Excluding acquisition of TPF and Homever, and India start-up costs, and after adjusting for assets held for sale. Calculated on a 52 week basis, ROCE for 2008/9 is 12.8%. 21. Excluding 24 Dobbies stores. Appendix 2 (Tesco Group, 2009) Quick facts Staff worldwide 468,508 Staff in the UK 286,394 Stores worldwide 4,308 Total stores in the UK 2,282 By format 177 Extra 10 Homeplus 448 Superstore 174 Metro 961 Express 512 OneStop Number of markets 14 Which markets China, Czech Republic,  Hungary, India, Japan, Malaysia, Poland, Republic of Ireland, Slovakia, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, UK, USA Facts correct May 2009 Appendix 3 (Tesco Group, 2010)

General Principles of Good Governance

General Principles of Good Governance 1. Service to Others Service to others allows us to practice doing what Jesus would do and it connects us to those we serve and give us a kind of satisfaction that self-interest can never offer. When we serve others we are reminded that nothing in this life lasts as long as the bonds we form with other people, and there's no better way to connect ourselves to others than by working together for our common good and because everything we have comes from God, we should be willing to share it all. Think how much those talents mean when you share them with someone who needs your particular brand of expertise. Even the little things we do, like helping someone to transfer or positioning them or even feeding them, can make life a little easier for someone else. 2. Professional Competence When we talk of professional competence, we refer to patients' expectations that the professional they come into contact with will be up to the job. Professionals should be able to do that which they profess they can do. The patient simply expects that the healthcare professional has up-to-date knowledge and skills. Professional competence requires a firm educational grounding, followed by a period of formal training to acquire the relevant knowledge and skills in the workplace. Thereafter, continued competence rests on a combination of education, continuous development, confidence and experience. Professionals' competence also depends upon professionals themselves having an honest understanding of their abilities. It is crucial that errors in practice, or gaps in skill or knowledge, are acknowledged as early as possible and used as an opportunity for learning, rather than being suppressed or hidden out of fear of blame or sanction. Learning through mistakes can often be a very effective way of improving competence and understanding. 3. Solidarity and Teamwork Teams work together to problem solve more efficiently, with each team member offering a unique perspective to complex issues. Members recognize a need for each other's expertise, talents and commitment to achieve their goals. For this reason, effective teams value open communication, treat each others as equals, and keep collaboration at the forefront by sharing information. Conflicts are resolved quickly within the group.

Facts, Fiction and Autobiography Examples

Facts, Fiction and Autobiography Examples The Debate Over Autobiography Examples Use the documents and research you've collected to start. The overview of every new office would want to start on with a brand-new section. Our Army resume sample will be in a position to permit you to create a thriving tool which means you might get 1 foot at your entranceway. A good example of a student autobiography is a story depicting the facts of her or his life. The writing has to be literate and sensible. Employ a seasoned copy editor to make certain that your book will have that expert polish. Writing an autobiography is an ambitious and intriguing work. You might also see Outline Templates. It is crucial to keep in mind that you don't need to inform your story chronologically. Everything in your story needs to be accurate. Fourthly, an autobiography is a fantastic means to learn to write fiction. In such cases, it can be written with the assistance of a co-author so long as the story remains to be in first-person. Sometimes Autobiography is sufficient. A biography is intended to analyze an individual's life and interpret it also. Name ways by which you've changed. Incorporate hobbies linked towards the job which you're searching for. You've successfully finished writing your autobiography speaking about your life. My mom claims that my very first word was money. There's a writing craft or a technique that is able to make your story come to life. To do so, you might think about rethinking a few of the experiences that you will write in order to coordinate with the theme you're writing about. If you don't find out how to compose an autobiography in the correct way it's time to learn from the ideal writing examples. A life map is fundamentally a list of questions that can help guide a student from 1 stage in their life to another. As you finish your schedule and certificates to find phlebotomy, you can desire to look at moving for the perfect job potential. By getting a fantastic comprehension of things you're going to be doing everyday on the job you're understand exactlywhat that the superb pre-interview job ought to be to prove you're the appropriate match. You've employed to find job, as well as the company that you are conversing with only wants to learn more regarding the opportunity of you linking their staff, also ascertaining if the company relationship is a superb match. After establishing your very own military resume you're likely to be more concentrating on the manners your military adventure could possibly be readily transferred to your civilian job and potential employers will immediately track down the value that you're prepared to provide their company. An advertising manager is somebody who's responsible in figuring the precise requirements of a specific service or product. You might have previously picked the kind of application you want to register in, should it's to receive a certification or a degree. Irrespective of your degree of job practical understanding, your resume format is vital to making your application stick out. Locate the most significant particulars about your life people that individuals would be considering. When written, there will be as many life stories as there are they. Ensure you include a great deal of photos, including baby pictures, as photos is going to be the most important material they will work with. A lot of people have a plausible problem of producing an autobiography in the appropriate manner. It is possible to help them put their life story together through photographs and important dates, with the assistance of parents, so the children have a number of materials to pick from. Children are usually not able to concentrate their attention for extended amounts of time. New Step by Step Roadmap for Autobiography Examples You might be puzzled with how autobiography samples can assist you, as every autobiography ought to be written about a specific individual. If you must compose an autobiography for a volunteering organization or internship, you will want to compose a more in-depth autobiography. It is insufficient to understand what should be included in your autobiography. Thirdly, an autobiography is able to help you decide what work you demand.

The Characters Of Freudian Theories In Melancholia By Lars...

The film Melancholia by Lars von Trier gradually develops into the characters depression through their actions and choices that can relate directly to Lars von Triers own depression and unfortunate childhood circumstances. The main protagonist of the movie, Justine, is depressed and this affects everyone around her. Lars von Trier, the writer and director, is depressed was depressed when creating this film and this depression is reflected in Melancholia. Freudian theories relate to Melancholia through Justines life as well as her love life. She is constantly unsatisfied and immediately has an extramarital sexual encounter when she is vulnerable. Freudian theories are demonstrated through the depression from the characters in the movie†¦show more content†¦Although Lars was diagnosed with depression in 2007, he had a difficult childhood. He did not know who his biological father was until his mother told him on her death bed. Freud believed that â€Å"our unconscious was inf luenced by childhood events†. Lars von Trier stated during an interview that â€Å"I come from a family of communist nudists. I was allowed to do or not to do what I like. My parents were not interested in whether I went to school or get drunk on white wine. After a childhood like that, you search for restrictions in your own life.† Lars childhood relates greatly to the character of Justine. Justines parents did not seem to care for her. During Justines wedding, her parents self-absorption is reflected in their speeches about their marriage problems. As well, her parents did not care or take time for her when Justine specifically asked a few times to talk privately to her father and he could not find the time. In the bedroom, Justine was upset and asked her mother for help but her mother was no help at all. Her mom did not seem to care and her father left the wedding leaving only a note saying that he was leaving with another woman and to â€Å"forgive an old fool†. Lars and Justines parents have similar responses to their children of not caring. Claire was distraught and acted out of character, she